
Color of Skin and Gums/Capillary Refill Time
Because skin tone is difficult to see through all the fur,
veterinarians use the color of the mucus membranes, like the ‘whites’ of the
eyes and the gums above the teeth, to gauge a pet’s health. For gums, the normal color is pink - anything
else calls for immediate veterinary attention or first-aid care.
If your pet has pigmented gums, try to find a non-pigmented
pink spot on his gums or lips to use as a test area. If you can’t find a pink spot there, you will
need to go south to the vulva or prepuce (the fold of skin on the end of the
penis).
The following is a guide to what the color of your pet’s
gums can mean:
Color What
It Means Call the Vet?
Pink Normal No
Pale to White Anemia
or shock Yes, Immediately
Blue Smoke
inhalation or Yes, Immediately
suffocation
Bright Cherry Red Carbon
monoxide Yes, Immediately
poisoning or
heatstroke.
Yellow Liver
problems Yes, same day
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that give the gums their
normal pink color. You can test the
condition of your pet’s blood circulation by doing a capillary refill
test. Here’s how:
- Lift
your pet’s upper lip and press your finger against a non-pigmented pink
spot. This temporarily stops the
blood flow to that area.
- Quickly
remove your finger and you will see a white mark on the gum where your
finger was. Count how many seconds
it takes for the pink color to return to that white spot – that is the
capillary refill time.
The following is a guide to assess your pet’s condition
using the capillary refill test:
Refill Time What
It Means Call
the Vet?
1 – 2 seconds Normal No
2 – 4 seconds Moderate
to poor; possible Yes
dehydration
or shock.
More than 4 seconds EMERGENCY
– severe Yes,
immediately
dehydration
or shock.
Less than 1 second EMERGENCY
– severe Yes,
immediately
heatstroke
or shock.