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Color of Skin and Gums/Capillary Refill Time
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Color of Skin and Gums/Capillary Refill Time

Color of Skin and Gums/Capillary Refill Time

Because skin tone is difficult to see through all the fur, veterinarians use the color of the mucus membranes, like the ‘whites’ of the eyes and the gums above the teeth, to gauge a pet’s health.  For gums, the normal color is pink - anything else calls for immediate veterinary attention or first-aid care.

If your pet has pigmented gums, try to find a non-pigmented pink spot on his gums or lips to use as a test area.  If you can’t find a pink spot there, you will need to go south to the vulva or prepuce (the fold of skin on the end of the penis).

 

The following is a guide to what the color of your pet’s gums can mean:

 

Color                           What It Means                     Call the Vet?             

Pink                             Normal                                No             

Pale to White                Anemia or shock                 Yes, Immediately                   
          

Blue                             Smoke inhalation or             Yes, Immediately              

                                    suffocation      


Bright Cherry Red        Carbon monoxide                 Yes, Immediately              

                                    poisoning or heatstroke.


Yellow                         Liver problems                      Yes, same day                          

 

 

 

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that give the gums their normal pink color.  You can test the condition of your pet’s blood circulation by doing a capillary refill test.  Here’s how:

  • Lift your pet’s upper lip and press your finger against a non-pigmented pink spot.  This temporarily stops the blood flow to that area.
  • Quickly remove your finger and you will see a white mark on the gum where your finger was.  Count how many seconds it takes for the pink color to return to that white spot – that is the capillary refill time.

 

The following is a guide to assess your pet’s condition using the capillary refill test:

 

Refill Time                                What It Means                                     Call the Vet?

1 – 2 seconds                           Normal                                               No

2 – 4 seconds                           Moderate to poor; possible                  Yes

                                                dehydration or shock.

More than 4 seconds                  EMERGENCY – severe                      Yes, immediately

                                                dehydration or shock.

Less than 1 second                   EMERGENCY – severe                        Yes, immediately

                                                heatstroke or shock.

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